Authors:	Li, Z.; Gunning, R.; Oldach, R.; Syngellakis, K.; Stapleton, G.; Muller, H.; Posorski, R.; Tikkanen, H.; Shanker, A.; Takayuki Tani; Hideo Senba; Takayuki Nakajima; Vleuten, F.P. van der; Arvidson, A.
Organizations:	IT Power (GBR), GSES (AUS), GTZ (DEU), NAPS Systems Oy (FIN), IED (FRA), IEEJ (JPN), Shikoku Research Institute (JPN), Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPN), Free Energy Europe (NLD), SEI (Sweden)
Reference:	IEA  PVPS T9-07:2003
Date of issue:	September 2003
Details:	106 pages: figures, photos, maps, tables; with references
Type:	Report IEA  PVPS Task 9
Download:	Open or download report as PDF document (1631 kB)
Abstract:	PV has considerable potential to contribute to meeting the energy needs of rural and remote communities in developing countries. This document describes 16 PV deployment programmes in developing countries. These case studies provide experiences and lessons learnt on the importance of an appropriate institutional and financial framework, of sufficient capacity building and quality assurance and of choosing the right implementation and financing mechanisms to ensure the development of a sustainable PV market. Table 1 on the next page gives a summary of the experiences of each case study in relation to each one of these aspects.
	The 16 case studies summarized in this document cover deployment of PV technologies in 27 countries. These countries are: Kenya, Morocco, Mali, China, Kiribati, Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Syria, Chile, India, Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, Jordan, the Philippines, Tunisia, Burkina Faso, Cap Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, South Africa, Niger and Senegal. The views in each case study reflect those of the author. Nearly all of these case studies refer to programmes set up between the host country and bi-lateral and multi-lateral donor agencies and institutions. These agencies and institutions include, amongst others, the World Bank, the European Commission, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), JICA, GTZ and other bi-lateral agencies, national governments and institutions and local counterparts. However, one case study refers to purely commercial (market-driven) sales of PV systems in Africa. Some case studies cover a programme implemented in just one country, others like the African commercial case study, PVMTI programme and PV Pumping case studies, concern programmes that cover several countries. These case studies serve to highlight differences in the same programme between different countries, depending on local conditions. The deployment of PV often focuses on Solar Home Systems (SHSs) however a considerable proportion of the PV market in developing countries consists of larger systems providing electricity for social services and economic activities. Some examples of PV deployment to facilitate social services are: light for schools, mosques, churches, communal centres, etc; light and refrigeration for health centres; pumping and desalination for drinking water for communities. Applications of electricity generated from PV used for economic activities include pumping and desalination for irrigation in agriculture and animal herding. This document includes case studies covering deployment of PV for social as well as economic purposes. There are considerable differences between the ‘social market’ and the private market for SHS. The ‘social market’ generally consists of larger sized systems but fewer in number. In most cases, donor organisations are involved and the clients are not individuals but social entities (schools, health clinics, etc) that have different legal status and organizational characteristics. In Section 1 of this document some of the experiences and lesson learnt from the case studies are highlighted in each of the six areas of institutional framework, capacity building, implementation models, financing solar home systems, quality assurance and programme design, planning and implementation. The 16 case studies are presented in Section 2.

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