Introduction
As Task 10 approaches its final year, a great deal of work is being completed.
The Workplan for this Task is designed for flexibility
towards the fast growing and emerging market. The grid connected PV market requires
new financial relationships beyond the network
industry and their customers, as well as integration into traditional operations
and planning of the broader stakeholder group involved in the urban environment.
Task 10 work was initiated in January 2004, with a 5 year planned period of work.
There were delays of resource commitment to the Task, but during the third year
additional resource commitments were made through the PVPS and the European Commission
project, “PV in Urban Policies: a Strategic and Comprehensive Approach for
Long-term Expansion,” PV-UP-Scale. PV-UP-Scale intended to expand Task 10
country contributions to include more European countries not formally participating
in Task 10 (Netherlands, Spain, Germany and UK), enhance some current contributions
(Austria and France), while utilizing the Task 10 participants to broaden the
market perspectives most important to the European Commission.
Task 10 is a broad range of work to facilitate creative solutions in the urban
energy market. The initial intent for Task 10 was to
develop completed analysis and research into multiple communication products
according to stakeholder needs. Due to the late commitment
of resources, most analysis is just being completed during this last year. However,
the possibility of a concise report of results and
conclusions which weaves a common thread of urban solutions is being explored.
Additionally, an executive summary, a power point
presentation and a one paragraph description will be developed for every analysis
report.
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Overall objective
The
Task 10 objective is to enhance the opportunities for wide-scale, solution-oriented
applications of PV in the urban environment as part
of an integrated approach that maximizes building energy efficiency, as well
as solar thermal and photovoltaics usage. Value analysis,
policy incentives, education tools as well as system design and integration
that have proven successful in the participating countries
will be developed to the extent possible into a uniform international set of
tools for the global market. This will be accomplished through:
- making connections between the building design and development industry;
- deriving recommendations for stakeholders to remove barriers to mass market
uptake of photovoltaics;
- developing system components, design and applications with the largest global
market penetration potential; including aesthetic values as well as the mechanical
and energy related values;
- identifying gaps in currently available information and developing products
to fill those gaps;
- developing materials and holding events targeted at meeting the needs of
specific groups of stakeholders; and
- providing continuous communication, promotion and education throughout the
period of the task.
In line with the objectives, the short term goal (5 years ost) of the Task
is to have a clear definition of the global market and all associated values;
resulting in stakeholders considering urban scale PV in their respective spheres
of activities. The Task’s long term goal (10 years post) is for urban-scale
PV to be a desirable and commonplace feature of the urban environment in IEA
PVPS member countries.
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Approach
There are four subtasks in Task 10. The total range of deliverables has been
designed comprehensively to include and meet the various
needs of the stakeholders who have been identified as having value systems which
contribute to urban-scale PV. The deliverables are
designed to optimise usefulness to the stakeholders. Through developing and
producing these deliverables, Task 10 will contribute
to achieving the vision of mainstreaming urban-scale PV. The comprehensive list
of targeted stakeholders and associated goals is:
- Building Sector: builders and developers, urban planners, architects, engineers,
permit and code authorities; Goal – Solar technologies and energy efficiency
– whole building energy design – is an option in all design, development
and construction and a market differentiation as a standard feature.
- End-Users: residential and commercial building owners; Goal – Full
awareness of the financial, operational, and comfort features resulting in
whole building energy design.
- Government: supporting, regulatory and housing agencies; Goal – The
benefits to government revenue, infrastructure and
services, such as jobs, gross regional product, import/export, environmental
and security are metrics to the development and revisions to energy market
transformation policies.
- Finance and Insurance Sector: Banks, insurance companies,
loans for houses; Goal – The benefits and risks from both a credit and
disaster perspective are included in the development of rates. As insurance
companies base rates on the height above sea level
of structures in a region, so could the resilience of the energy infrastructure
influence rates.
- PV Industry: system manufacturers, PV system supply chain,
retail sector; Goal – PV industry has clear market knowledge, ensuring
fair profitability throughout the supply chain, particularly to the influence
of other stakeholders. An additional goal is
internationally consistent standards and certification (to the extent possible,
with differences clearly defined), as well as access to retail energy consumers.
- Electricity Sector: network and retail utilities; and
Goal – A full understanding of the business and operational opportunities
related to energy efficiency and solar technologies. The comparative economics
of generation planning will include the full life cycle economics of both
traditional network design and whole building design as well as the energy
coordination benefits such as disaster resilience and demand side management.
- Education Sector: Goals – Basic education will include
alternative energy and the life cycle impacts and benefits of energy choices.
Specialised education in the building, sciences, and engineering sectors will
include alternative energy options.
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Subtasks and activities
- SUBTASK 1: Economics and Institutional Factors
This subtask seeks to provide opportunities for stakeholders to look beyond
a single-ownership scenario to the larger multiple
stakeholder value. In this way, utility tariffs, community policy, and industry
deployment strategy can be used to create scenarios which combine all stakeholder
values to the PV system investor through sustained policy-related market drivers.
Austria is the subtask leader and is also the corresponding work package leader
for the PV-UP-Scale project.
Activities will include:
- Activity 1.1 Value Analysis
This activity will develop a value matrix of stakeholders by the extended
value stream beyond the economic market drivers
(the market drivers will be included), allowing individual stakeholders
to realise a full set of values. Austria leads this activity.
The report, “Analysis of PV System’s Values Beyond Energy”
draft was completed and balloted in 2007. Edits requested during the ballot
process will be completed and the report will be available to the public
in March 2008. An executive summary is under development for this report.
- Activity 1.2 Barriers Resolution
Recommendations to stakeholders will be developed for removing barriers
to mass market uptake of PV. Austria leads this activity. As the report
for this activity has progressed, it has been determined that the barriers
are dependent on market activity and drivers. Larger markets like Japan
and Germany have very few barriers. At one point during the year, this
work was thought to be folded into the market drivers report. A questionnaire
was developed for participants to complete and will be reported on at
the spring 2008 technical experts meeting.
- Activity 1.3 Market Drivers
Building upon existing lessons learned with financing, policy, environmental
and rate structure issues, this activity will analyse
the economic contribution of these market drivers and develop best practice
scenarios. Austria leads this activity. Following the completion of the
PV-UP-Scale report, “Economical Drivers and Market Impacts of Urban
PV," in 2006. The expanded
Task 10 report is currently being balloted. A major objective of this
study is to analyse which measures affect consumer’s willwillingnessto-
pay (demand) ingness-to-pay (demand) and which rebates are necessary to
achieve a favourable change of the supply curve.
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- SUBTASK 2: Urban Planning, Design and Development
This subtask focuses on infrastructure planning and design issues needed to
achieve the vision of a significantly increased uptake of PV in the urban
environment. The subtask will integrate PV with standard community building
practices. Switzerland leads this Subtask.
- Activity 2.1 Integrating PV Development and Design Practices
This activity will develop guidance for integrating PV into standard whole
building design models, rating tools, and building development practices.
Emphasis will be placed on the building integration properties of PV for
efficiency gains. This activity has been dropped from the work plan, because
no resources were ever committed. However, it is still an important part
of the overall need to reach the objective of mainstreaming PV and will
be included as a recommendation for further work in the final report.
- Activity 2.2 Urban Planning
A guide will be developed for integrating PV and the whole community energy
infrastructure element into urban planning
practices by providing processes and approach for setting quantifiable urban-PV
goals and objectives in the planning process.
Architectural considerations such as building aesthetics, land use, shading,
and urban renewal opportunities for BIPV will be included as planning elements.
Additionally, community energy use forecast and planning impacts related
to the whole building approach and coordinated utility or community system
load control to increase demand reduction and increase PV capacity value.
Norway leads this activity.
There are three deliverables for this activity: Norway has developed
a model of criteria and indicators which
are used to lead planners to solar energy choices. This should be completed
in 2008. Switzerland is developing a case study analyzing electricity
purchasing conditions for the city of Neuchatel to determine the economic
consequences of including PV in purchasing mix. This work along with the
information from a questionnaire filled in by Task 10 participants will
develop into a report on urban economic planning and purchasing economics.
The UK, through PV-UP-Scale has gathered case studies on urban palling
and design from start to implementation, with specific risks/barriers
and associated solutions/instruments. This will be developed into both
a web site and expanded to include additional Task 10 results into a book
by France.
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- SUBTASK 3: Technical Factors
This subtask concentrates on technical development factors for mainstream
urban-scale PV. Large-scaled urban integration of BIPV
systems faces technical challenges related to synergetic use as building material
and for energy supply purposes. Other challenges
involve the potentially negative impact on the grid and obstacles posed by
the regulatory framework. The aim of this subtask is to
demonstrate best practices and to advocate overcoming those barriers associated
with extensive penetration of BIPV systems on
urban scale. The deliverables focus on the broad set of stakeholders required
to achieve the vision such as the building product industry, builders, utilities
and PV industry. Japan leads this Subtask.
- Activity 3.1 Building Industry/BIPV Products and Projects
By identifying the building material and energy use synergies of PV and
of BOS as well as updating the existing Task 7 database of products and
projects for BIPV, guidance will be developed for mainstreaming these
products in the building industry. A major aspect of the building integration
will be building energy management integration and coordinating energy
use with lighting and HVAC systems to assure demand reduction and capacity
value. Canada is the lead for this activity.
There are three deliverables for this activity: The report, “Urban
BIPV in the New Residential Building Industry,” has been balloted
and will be ready for electronic distribution in March 2008. This report
collected residential building statistics by
country, analyzed processes for change in the building industry and calculated
the potential for BIPV by country. The on-line version of the Task 7 database
was updated to accept BIPV, public developments, and products. This was
a PV-UP-Scale
deliverable with contributions from Task 10. There are 250 new projects
in the database. The report on PV Community Developments is in final draft
and will be balloted in the first quarter of 2008. The report includes
single family housing developments, multi-family housing and public building
developments. Each development will have a two page brief which can be
a can be used as a separate document and the main text of discussion summarizing
the information. This will also be
included in the database above.
- Activity 3.5 Certification Practices
Certification practices will be reviewed and standard test procedures
harmonized and transferred to the relevant stakeholders and standard committees.
The US leads this activity. A set of documents developed by the US installer
certification
program in accordance with ISO/IEC 17024 Working Draft, “General
Requirements for Bodies Operating Certification Systems of Persons,”
will be included as an annex in the report on network issues.
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- Subtask 4: Targeted Information Development and Dissemination
This subtask is focused on the information dissemination of all deliverables
produced in Task 10. Some major accomplishments during this third year include
the final drafts of reports in both Subtask 1 and 3. During the final 2007
Task 10 meeting, participants were asked to consider the remaining resources
for Task 10, the work completed and expected relative to what types of products
are most useful to achieve the Task 10 Goal of mainstreaming PV. Due to
limited resources, the original plan of developing multiple stakeholder
targeted products from each deliverable is not possible. The result of the
discussion was to take an alternate approach to targeted products. All agreed
that everything must be electronic, with high speed internet available almost
everywhere. Along these lines, whenever possible, PowerPoint graphics of
results and conclusions for each deliverable will be developed and posted.
Each product will be developed into tiered levels of detail:
- The first tier will be a one paragraph description that can be easily translated.
The paragraph can be used for email notification
of stakeholders and as the description on the front web page. The stakeholder
targeted electronic notification was tested when
PV-Up-Scale completed its first two reports on Grid Issues. France wrote a
one paragraph description of the work and sent it to all French utilities.
This resulted in a large increase of website activity specifically looking
at these two reports.
- The middle level is an executive summary of results and conclusions, similar
to the executive summary the European Photovoltaic Industry Association developed
for the Energy Payback report which has proven much more popular than the
full report.
- The full reports with analysis methodology and full appendices are the most
detailed tier.
France is the Subtask leader, and is also the Work Package leader for the
corresponding Work Package in the PV- UP-Scale project.
- Activity 4.1 Educational Tools
The educational tool is a tool for posting both the start to finish process
of BIPV installation as well as an information databank for related installation
issues such as interconnection, net metering, and tender documents.
- Activity 4.2 Competition
The second Lisbon Ideas Challenge was completed. At the end of the projects
submission period 121 projects registered from 37 countries. Entrants were
to present intervention ideas for the low-income residential neighborhood
of Lisbon, Bairro do Padre Cruz, Carnide, where urban renovation and rehabilitation
is a priority action for the Municipality of Lisbon. During this second
competition, entrants could submit either a detailed project or a plan for
1 MW of PV over the whole neighborhood. All entries were for projects.
- Activity 4.4 Stakeholder Perceptions
This activity will analyse and assess the community, utility and customer
perception and preferences regarding i) the security of energy, (including
revenue protection) ii) certain and homogenous Quality and Safety levels.
Additionally this activity will develop products in response to misconceptions
such as energy required in manufacturing (Life Cycle Analysis). Denmark
leads this activity.
Progress includes the report IEA-PVPS T10-01-2006 “Compared Assessment
of Selected Environmental Indicators of Photovoltaic Electricity in OECD
Cities,” developed by France. The executive summary of this report
as well as the country results were published by EPIA and are available
on the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform website. This report
was developed in response to the misconception of the energy required
for PV manufacturing being more than ever produced in the operation of
the system. The report did not perform lifecycle analysis, but rather
took the most recent results, combined with solar energy availability
to determine energy and environmental factors. Additionally, Denmark has
developed a draft report on revenue protection which identifies ways to
maximise the revenue from a PV plant regardless of size.
- 4.5 Continuous Communication
France leads this activity. With France leading this activity under this
subtask, as well as the similar work in PV-UP-Scale, the Task will continue
to progress. A stakeholder meeting was held in Malmo, Sweden. Whereas most
publications will be electronic, EPIA agreed to print the executive summary
of the environmental indicators report. The website and resources for Task
10 remain up to date.
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Industry involvement
As Task 10 moves into its last year, industry participation appears minimal,
relative to the technical experts participating in the Task
(except utilities). However, in individual countries and throughout Europe,
it is evident that industry is giving feedback to Task 10. The
Activity under Subtask 1, “Market Roadmap” was merged with the activity
“Market Drivers” because industry (EPIA and SEIA) felt that
presenting the information as market drivers rather than a roadmap was more
appropriate for Task 10 Also, the second Lisbon Ideas
Challenge was supported by industry.
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Key deliverables (2007 and planned 2008)
- 2007,Completed 2nd Lisbon Ideas Challenge
- Participated in Spanish seminar organised by PV-UP-Scale
- Final draft of “Urban BIPV in the Residential Building Industry”
- Final draft of report “Solar Cities Around the World”
- Final draft of report “Value Analysis of PV”
- Planned 2008
- Report “Economic and Institutional Barriers ”
- Report “Municipal Utility Economics”
- Municipal Decision Tool
- Book “Photovoltaics in Urban Plans and Developments”
- Report “Impacts & Effects of PV Connection, Guidelines &
Network Operation Policies, Countermeasures & Technologies,
and Case Studies (including annexes of codes and standards and certification
practices)”
- Report “Results of the 2nd Lisbon Ideas Challenge”
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Participants
Task 10 participants and experts supporting them are listed in Task
10 participants.
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Meeting schedule
(2007 and 2008 planned)
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